With grizzly bears becoming more and more a part of our lives in Montana, we wanted to share a few facts that may surprise you about these large, aggressive animals. Here are five interesting facts about grizzly bears listed by Karin Lehnardt on the Nature Conservancy of Canada’s blog called Land Lines:
1. “Prizzly bears” and “grolar bears” are hybrids
As grizzly bears in Alaska and Canada move north in response to climate change, they increasingly come into contact with polar bears located on coastlines. Because the two species are very close genetically, males of both species are attracted to females of both species and sometimes mate with them. This results in hybrids, which are aptly known as “prizzly bears,” “grolar bears” or nanulak. The term nanulak is a combination of the Inuit names for polar bear (nanuk) and grizzly bear (aklak).
When naming the hybrids, the name of the sire (male parent) usually appears first. For example, the offspring of a male polar bear and a female grizzly bear is called nanulak or “prizzly bear.” By comparison, the offspring of a male grizzly bear and a female polar bear is called “grolar bear” or aknuk.
Grizzly–polar bear hybrids are smaller than polar bears, but larger than grizzly bears. Their heads are a combination between the more broad-headed grizzly bear and the more narrow-headed polar bear. Additionally, hybrids have the long necks of a polar bear and the small shoulders of a grizzly bear. They tend to act more like polar bears than grizzly bears.
While the hybrids are interesting and unique, scientists note that it will be hundreds of generations before there is officially a new species of bear.
2. The hump on a grizzly bear’s back is a huge muscle
One of the most identifiable features of a grizzly bear is the hump on its back. The hump is actually a large muscle that the bear uses to power its front legs. Grizzly bears need strong forelimbs. That’s because, more than any other type of bear, they love to dig in the dirt and tear apart rotten logs in search of plant bulbs, insects, roots and grubs. The hump also allows them the needed strength to dig out of winter dens, which are typically in rocky, steep mountainous terrain. The hump is also an easy way of distinguishing a black bear from a grizzly bear, as black bears don’t have a hump.
3. Bears don’t hibernate
Contrary to common belief, bears do not hibernate. Indeed, while bears slow down during the winter, they are not true hibernators like woodchucks. Instead, bears enter what is called torpor. When animals hibernate, they sleep through the entire winter and don’t wake up when they hear loud noises or even if they are moved or touched. In contrast, a bear in torpor can wake up fairly quickly at a noise or a touch.
Interestingly, unlike humans, who would either get bedsores or suffer muscle atrophy from lying in bed all winter, bears in torpor don’t experience significant muscle atrophy. This is most likely due to their ability to absorb their urine and recycle it into a protein that preserves muscle mass.
4. Climate change can affect a grizzly bear’s diet
Grizzly bears have become “famous” thanks to pictures of them catching salmon in shallow rivers, such as in the streams of the Kodiak Archipelago of Alaska. However, due to climate change, some bears are switching from eating salmon to eating elderberries, as early warming causes the berries to bloom prematurely. Because bears in the archipelago previously ate up to 75 per cent of a salmon population in a region, researchers believe the dramatic increase in salmon populations will disrupt the entire food chain on the islands. For example, fish carcasses not only enrich the soil around rivers, they also provide an important food source to other animals.
5. Grizzly bears love to eat moths
Grizzly bears have been seen moving through boulder fields and turning over heavy rocks to feed on masses of army cutworm moths. A grizzly bear in Yellowstone National Park was seen to have consumed over 40,000 moths in one day. However, eating this many in a day is uncommon.
Canada is famous for its grizzly bears. Unfortunately, however, grizzly bears have been assessed as a species of special concern, meaning they could become threatened or endangered in the future. They are threatened by climate change, unsustainable hunting, habitat loss and extremely low reproductive rates. There are about 33,000 grizzly bears in the U.S. (mainly in Alaska) and about 26,000 grizzly bears in Canada (mainly in BC). Hopefully, Canadians are willing to protect grizzly bears and their habitat, because a future without these amazing animals would, indeed, be unbearable.
